Bacteria :: essays research papers

Describe the structure and life processes of bacterium.bacterial cadres, like plant cells, ar meet by a cell wall. However, bacterial cell walls are make up of polysaccharide durance linked to amino acids, while plant cell walls are made up of cellulose, which contains no amino acids. Many bacteria secrete a slimy capsule around the outside of the cell wall. The capsule provides special protection for the cell. Many of the bacteria that cause diseases in animals are surrounded by a capsule. The capsule prevents the white blood cells and antibodies from destroying the invading bacterium. interior the capsule and the cell wall is the cell membrane. In aerobic bacteria, the reactions of cellular respiration take place on fingerlike infoldings of the cell membrane. Ribosomes are scattered throughout the cytoplasm, and the DNA is generally found in the concentrate of the cell. Many bacilli and spirilla have flagella, which are used for locomotion in water. A fewer types of bac teria that lack flagella move by navigation on a surface. However, the mechanism of this gliding motion is unknown. close bacteria are aerobic, they require free type O to carry on cellular respiration. Some bacteria, called facultatibe anaerobes drop live in either the presence or absence of free oxygen. They obtain energy either by aerobic respiration when oxygen is present or by fermentation when oxygen is absent. Still other bacteria can non live in the presence of oxygen. These are called obligate anaerobes. Such bacteria obtain energy only fermentation. with fermentation, different groups of bacteria produce a wide variety of innate compounds. Besides ethyl alcohol and lactic acid, bacterial fermentation can produce acetic acid, acetone, butyl alcohol, glycol, butyric acid, propionic acid, and methane, the main component of natural gas. Most bacteria are heterotrophic bacteria are either saprophytes or parasites. Saprophytes feed on the remains of dead plants and animals, and ordinarily do not cause disease. They release digestive enzymes onto the organic matter. The enzymes breakdown the large aliment molecules into smaller molecules, which are absorbed by the bacterial cells. Parasites live on or in living organisms, and may cause disease. A few types of bacteria are Autotrophic, they can synthesize the organic nutrients they require from inorganic substances. Autotrophic bacteria are either photosynthetic or Chemosynthetic. The photosynthetic bacteria contain chlorophyll that are different from the plant chlorophyll. In bacterial photosynthesis, hydrogen is obtained by the splitting of compounds other than water.